Menyajikan beberapa artikel di Journal nasional dan Internasional
Welfare implications of intertemporal marketing margin manipulation
Thomas Kopp, Bernhard Brümmer, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Raja Sharah Fatricia
This study investigates the price transmission between international prices and the factories’ purchasing prices on a daily basis. An Auto-Regressive Asymmetric Error Correction Model is estimated to find evidence for asymmetric price transmission. In a subsequent step the rents that are redistributed from factories to farmers are calculated. The study then provides estimations of the size of this redistribution
under different scenarios. The results suggest that factories do indeed transmit prices asymmetrically, which has substantial welfare implications: around three million U.S. Dollars are annually redistributed from farmers to factories. If the price transmission was only half as asymmetric as it is observed, the majority of this redistribution was re-diverted.
Welfare implications of intertemporal marketing margin manipulation
Land-use change and livelihoods of non-farm households: The role of income
from employment in oil palm and rubber in rural Indonesia
Jonida Bou Dib, Vijesh V. Krishna, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Matin Qaim
Many tropical regions are experiencing massive land-use change that is often characterized by an expansion of oil palm at the expense of forests and more traditional forms of agricultural cropping. While implications of such land-use change for the environment and for local farm households were examined in previous research, possible effects on the livelihoods of non-farm households are not yet well understood. This study analyzes the role of different types of agricultural and non-agricultural employment income for non-farm households in rural Jambi, one of the hotspot regions of Indonesia’s recent oil palm boom. Data from a survey show that employment in rubber and oil palm are important livelihood components for non-farm households. Employment in oil palm is more lucrative than employment in rubber, so involvement in the oil palm sector as a laborer is positively associated with total household income. Regression models show that whether or not a household works in oil palm is largely determined by factors related to migration background, ethnicity, and the size of the village area grown with this crop. These results suggest that further expansion of the oil palm area will likely benefit non-farm households through gains in employment income. As non-farm households belong to the poorest segments of the rural population, these benefits should not be ignored when designing policies towards sustainable land use. Possible negative environmental and social externalities of further oil palm expansion are also discussed.
Land-use change and livelihoods of non-farm households
The Economics Behind an Ecological Crisis: Livelihood Effects of Oil
Palm Expansion in Sumatra, Indonesia
Christoph Kubitza, Vijesh V. Krishna, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Matin Qaim
While the negative ecological effects of the rapid expansion of oil palm in Southeast Asia are far-reaching and relatively widely studied, the socioeconomic consequences have received much less attention in the literature.We examine whether local farmers in Indonesia benefit from cultivating oil palm. We also look at the impact dynamics and possible spillover effects on other farmers. Our analysis builds on panel data collected from 680 farm households in Jambi Province, Sumatra. We show that oil palm cultivation has significant positive effects on farmers’ livelihoods. The economic gains allow farm households to increase their consumption. Oil palm has lower labor requirements than alternative crops. Hence, oil palm farmers can cultivate larger areas and also reallocate saved labor time to non-farm economic activities, which contributes to additional secondary gains. Policies aimed at regulating further oil palm area expansion will have to account for the economic benefits of this crop for the local population.
Livelihood Effects of Oil Palm Expansion
Land Property Rights, Agricultural Intensification, and Deforestation in
Indonesia
Christoph Kubitza, Vijesh V. Krishna, Kira Urban, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Matin Qaim
The expansion of agricultural land remains one of the main drivers of deforestation in tropical regions. Stronger land property rights could possibly enable farmers to increase input intensity and productivity on the already cultivated land, thus reducing incentives to expand their farms by deforesting additional land. This hypothesis is tested with data from a panel survey of farm households in Sumatra. The survey data are combined with satellite imageries to account for spatial patterns, such as historical forest locations. Results show that plots for which farmers hold formal land titles are cultivated more intensively and are more productive than untitled plots. However, due to land policy restrictions, farmers located at the historic forest margins often do not hold formal titles. Without land titles, these farmers are less able to intensify and more likely to expand into the surrounding forest land to increase agricultural output. Indeed, forest closeness and past deforestation activities by households are found to be positively associated with current farm size. In addition to improving farmer’s access to land titles for non-forest land, better recognition of customary land rights and more effective protection of forest land without recognized claims could be useful policy responses.
Land Property Rights, Agricultural Intensification, and Deforestation in Indonesia
Land-use change and income inequality in rural Indonesia
Jonida Bou Dib, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Matin Qaim
Many regions in Southeast Asia are experiencing massive land-use change. While areas covered with tropical forests and traditional agricultural crops, such as rubber, are shrinking, oil palm plantations are rapidly gaining ground. Recent studies have analyzed environmental effects of this land-use change. Relatively little is known about the socioeconomic implications. A few studies have examined economic effects of oil palm cultivation for particular groups of households, such as farmers, but broader effects for different types of rural households are not yet well understood. We address this research gap with data from farm and non-farm households in rural Jambi, one of the hotspots of Indonesia’s recent oil palm boom. On average, farm households have significantly higher incomes than non-farm households that often work as agricultural laborers on rubber and oil palm plantations. Both farm and non-farm households are better off in villages with a large share of the land under oil palm than in villages where relatively more rubber and other crops are grown. Oil palm does not seem to have significant effects on overall rural inequality. While oil palm cultivation contributes to increasing inequality among farmers, it tends to decrease income inequality among non-farm households through labor-market and employment effects.
Land-use change and income inequality in rural Indonesia
The Impact of the Efficiency of Rubber Production on the Welfare of Rubber Farmers in Jambi Province
Kuswanto Kuswanto, Zulkifli Alamsyah, Armandelis Armandelis, Zulfanetty Zulfanetty
This study aims to analyse the level of technical efficiency of rubber production and its impact on the welfare of rubber farmers in Jambi Province. The research was conducted in central area of rubber plantation in Jambi Province, namely Batanghari, Sarolangun, Tebo and Muaro Jambi. To explain the determinants of productivity and to analyse the efficiency of rubber production and the factors that influence it, Cobb-Douglas production function model using the stochastic frontier production function approach is used. Measuring the welfare of farmers using the farmers’ household income rate (FHIR) approach. The results showed that the average rubber farmers in the study area have not been efficient in allocating inputs and not yet prosperous production. Improving the technical efficiency of rubber production through increasing the number of young farmers up to 23% and increasing the farming experience by 5% can increase the FHIR of 1.33.
The impact of the efficiency of rubber production on welfare